Northwestern University Scientists Develop Synthetic Melanin with Numerous Applications
Northwestern University scientists have successfully created a synthetic version of melanin, a pigment naturally produced by various animals, including humans. Melanin is best known for determining skin color and protecting against the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. However, it also possesses numerous other functions across the animal kingdom, such as being a key component in squids’ ink and aiding certain microbes in evading the immune system. It may even have neuroprotective properties.
Biomedical engineer Nathan Gianneschi and his team at Northwestern have been captivated by the versatility of melanin. After a decade of research, they achieved a breakthrough by synthesizing their own version of melanin in the lab. In 2020, Gianneschi collaborated with dermatologist Kurt Lu and their respective teams to explore the potential use of synthetic melanin in skincare.
Their latest research, published in the Nature journal Regenerative Medicine, demonstrates the effectiveness of their synthetic melanin in preventing tissue damage and promoting healing. The team tested the melanin on both mice and donated human skin tissue samples, subjecting them to toxic chemicals and UV radiation. In both cases, the melanin significantly reduced or eliminated the expected damage to the skin, thanks to its ability to absorb harmful free radicals generated by these exposures. This led to a reduction in inflammation and accelerated healing.
The team’s synthetic melanin closely resembles natural melanin, making it biodegradable and safe for topical application. Furthermore, its sponge-like structure enhances its ability to absorb damaging free radicals. This innovation has attracted funding from the National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Department of Defense. The team is also exploring military applications, such as using the melanin as a protective dye in clothing for absorbing environmental toxins.
Gianneschi and Lu have even bigger plans for their technology. They envision developing synthetic melanin as a treatment for radiation burns and other skin injuries, as well as incorporating it into sunscreens and anti-aging skincare products. The team is currently in the process of conducting animal research to further validate its safety. However, they acknowledge that it may take several years before their synthetic melanin reaches the market.
Despite the wait, the potential benefits of their innovation are vast. From medical treatments to cosmetic applications, the team’s synthetic melanin could revolutionize various industries and improve the lives of many. Gianneschi emphasizes their dedication to developing these materials for those in need, highlighting the passion fueling their work.
