The World Health Organization (WHO) is urging countries to establish a robust surveillance system to protect the most vulnerable individuals from the health risks associated with extreme heat, such as heat stroke and exhaustion. These vulnerable populations include those with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, diabetes, older people, pregnant women, children, and the homeless.
While the WHO has not provided a specific definition of a surveillance system, a 2021 report from the organization on heat and health in Europe suggests that “active surveillance” involves identifying susceptible subgroups through health system and population registries. For example, Italy’s Homeless Housing and Assistance Program (HHAP) requires the creation of lists of susceptible subgroups, which are then used by health authorities to implement active surveillance through general practitioners (GPs) and social services.
“We are deeply concerned about the well-being of those who are most vulnerable,” stated Maria Neira, the director of the public health, environment, and social determinants of health department at the WHO during a recent press conference. Neira emphasized that governments at all levels should establish a robust surveillance system to immediately protect individuals at risk.
Neira also highlighted the importance of preparedness in hospitals, as high heat can worsen existing health conditions. This recommendation comes in light of ongoing heat waves in parts of Europe, Asia, and the United States, with record-breaking temperatures observed in the past two weeks of July. June was also noted as the warmest month globally on record.
Furthermore, Neira stressed the significance of urban planning in combating the rising temperatures, ensuring that people have access to cool places when their homes cannot provide relief. She called for the establishment of climate refuges at the city level to address this need. Additionally, Neira emphasized the need for long-term action to decarbonize society and mitigate the impacts of climate change on erratic weather patterns.
In addition to heat-related concerns, various regions are grappling with other natural hazards, such as heavy rains in South Korea and flash floods and landslides in northern India, which have resulted in over 100 fatalities since June 1. Climate change has been identified as a contributing factor to these extreme weather events, further highlighting the urgency for action.
To conclude, the WHO’s call for a strong surveillance system, along with preparedness measures, urban planning strategies, and long-term decarbonization efforts, underscores the need for comprehensive action to protect vulnerable populations from the health risks associated with extreme heat.
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