If you find yourself caught in a wildfire, your first instinct should be to contact the authorities. However, there may be situations where help cannot reach you quickly enough. In such circumstances, it is important to know what steps you can take to increase your chances of survival.
According to the National Park Service Division of Fire and Aviation Management (DFAM), approximately 87% of wildfires in the U.S. are caused by humans. To prevent causing wildfires and ensure your safety, the DFAM advises against parking on dry grass or dragging anything from your car or trailer that could cause sparks. When camping, only build campfires in designated areas and never leave them unattended. Always make sure to extinguish the campfire completely before leaving the site or going to bed.
If you come across smoke while traveling, it is recommended that you do not investigate it. Instead, move away from the area and contact emergency personnel to report the smoke or seek help.
If you find yourself in a wildfire while on foot, the DFAM suggests leaving the area immediately and returning to your vehicle if you have one. Wildfires can spread faster than expected, and smoke can affect you before the flames reach you. If you have no vehicle to retreat to, avoid canyons as they can intensify and direct the fire. Look for a large pond as fire does not easily cross bodies of water, but ensure it is not a narrow creek with overhanging branches that could provide a pathway for the flames. Seek out a sparse fuel area, which is known as a “safety zone”. Cover yourself with any available material to shield yourself from the fire’s heat and lie face down on the ground to avoid smoke and flames. It is generally safer to be downhill of the fire rather than uphill, as fires tend to burn faster uphill.
When caught in a wildfire while driving, turn back if you see smoke or flames ahead. If flames are coming from the side, go towards the fastest route to escape the forested or natural area. Roll up your windows and close the air vents to protect yourself from the smoke outside. Park away from dense vegetation and find a clearing, preferably behind a barrier such as a wall or rocky outcrop. Cover up with woollen blankets and lie on the floor of the car to protect yourself from heat and smoke inhalation.
If you find yourself in a building during a wildfire, follow evacuation orders if given. If unable to evacuate, stay inside as it is safer than being outside. Dress in long pants and cotton or wool long-sleeve shirts or jackets to prevent burns. Close all windows and doors, leaving them unlocked for easy exit. Close internal doors to prevent the spread of fire between rooms. Turn on lights inside and outside the house to increase visibility in heavy smoke or darkness. Shut off fuel lines and remove flammable curtains and drapes from windows. Fill sinks, bathtubs, and buckets with water to use for putting out small fires or for drinking.
In the event of a wildfire, certain items can be life-saving. Carry maps, a compass, a mobile phone, and an emergency locator device to help rescue personnel locate you. Additionally, a flashlight can help you see through smoke. Water, food, and a portable fire extinguisher should also be included in your survival kit.
By following these tips, you can better prepare yourself to prevent wildfires and increase your chances of survival in such situations. Stay safe and be proactive in protecting yourself and the environment.
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