Mould is something that nobody wants to find in their home. These fungal growths thrive in damp environments and can appear in various places, such as walls, cardboard boxes, and even dust. While mould may not always be visible initially, it can manifest in different colors, including black, yellow, and even purple. But what do these colors mean? In an article from The Conversation by Michael Taylor, an expert from Flinders University, MailOnline has shared a detailed graphic explaining the different species of mould and what they signify if found in your home.
One of the most concerning types of mould is toxic black mould, which gained attention this year following the tragic death of Awaab Ishak. Awaab, who was just two years old, passed away due to prolonged exposure to this fungus, which caused severe swelling in his airways and throat. This particular mould, known as “Stachybotrys,” thrives and multiplies on surfaces that have been excessively wet for long periods, such as the walls of homes. Exposure to toxic black mould can make individuals more susceptible to respiratory infections, asthma, and in extremely rare cases, it can even be fatal. According to Shelter, around 40% of rental homes in the UK are at risk of mould growth, and many complaints were made by councils following Awaab’s death. However, it is important to note that the slimy black mould found in your shower may actually be a different type, called Aureobasidium. This yeast-like fungus can also cause respiratory allergies but is unlikely to pose a threat to human life. Although bleaching may kill Aureobasidium, the dark pigmentation may persist harmlessly but stubbornly, as advised by Mr. Taylor.
Green mould is often found growing on food that has been left in the fridge for too long, creating a greenish fuzz. It may be tempting to cut off the affected areas and continue consuming the rest, but this does not eliminate the mould. Mr. Taylor warns that the roots of the fungi, known as mycelium, spread throughout the food, extracting nutrients and producing tiny fruiting bodies that release colored spores. One of these mycelium groups is the “Aspergillus” fungus, which thrives in heat and acidic conditions. These spores can remain airborne for months and may cause infections in individuals with weakened immune systems. However, Sylvia Anderson, a food hygiene consultant in London, reassures that certain foods can still be safe to consume after removing the affected parts. Fruits, vegetables, hard cheeses, salami, and marmalades fall into this category. Another green mould to be aware of is Trichoderma, which thrives in dirty and moist conditions, typically found on cardboard and carpets. While eliminating this mould can be challenging, some disinfectants can effectively kill its spores.
Pink residue found around bathroom taps or in shower corners is often Serratia, a type of mould that can survive in soapy conditions. In severe cases, these spores can cause various infections, including Serratia sepsis, which presents as fever with chills. Regularly scrubbing the surfaces with disinfectant and bleach is a recommended way to control and prevent the growth of this mould. On the other hand, purple mould, known as Fusarium, is less likely to be found in homes. However, it can occasionally turn rice purple or grow in wet cement. Fusarium produces large, sticky, moon-shaped spores that rely on rain splashes to spread and cling to plants. It is not very efficient at becoming airborne and tends to remain close to its growth area.
Yellow and orange moulds, such as Stemphylium and Epicoccum, can also be found in homes. These species tend to thrive on natural fibers like hemp, jute, and hessian, which are commonly used in woven-style furniture. Contrary to the notion that fungi thrive in darkness, some fungi require exposure to light, particularly ultraviolet (UV) light, to complete their life cycle. Many plant pathogens, including these yellow and orange moulds, use UV light as a trigger to produce spores and protect their DNA with melanin-containing shells. Turf grass rust, which appears as yellow spores on plant leaves in the garden, can be easily eliminated by repotting plants, as suggested by Evergreen Seeds.
When it comes to blue mould, Penicillium is the fungus responsible for its appearance in cheeses like Stilton, Gorgonzola, and Dolcelatte. Penicillium is also the genus behind the antibiotic medicine penicillin. This fungus is edible in cheeses because the acidic, salty, and temperature conditions prevent the growth of toxins. However, the same fungus can cause food to spoil in cupboards and even in soil.
White mould comes in various forms, with Cladosporium being one of the most common types found in homes. Like Aspergillus, this mould can become airborne and is typically found in moist areas like basements, bathrooms, and attics. It can also grow on carpets, vents, and even paper, given the right conditions. While most forms of Cladosporium are not particularly dangerous to humans, they can worsen asthma and allergies. In the garden, you may encounter a different white mould called Isaria farinosa. This coral-like species is a parasite of moths and cicadas and has been used in pest control products.
In conclusion, understanding the different species and colors of mould allows us to appreciate the complex lives of these microscopic organisms that coexist with us. However, it is essential to clean up and maintain a hygienic environment to prevent the growth and spread of mould.
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