Ukraine’s counteroffensive against Russian forces is showing some progress, but experts believe that larger-scale operations are needed to achieve a breakthrough. Concerns are growing among Ukraine’s supporters about whether Kyiv can move quickly enough to match the limited supply of munitions and arms. Ukrainian forces have been using artillery and missiles to weaken Russian defenses and sending sapper teams into minefields, but the pace of progress has been slower than anticipated.
The United States and other nations have provided training and equipment to Ukrainian troops, including mine-clearing equipment. The key is to apply these capabilities in a way that allows Ukrainian forces to breach obstacles quickly. However, Ukrainian forces are facing intense attacks from antitank munitions and Russian armed drones, making the situation very challenging.
There is a debate about the tactics that can best enable Ukraine to penetrate highly fortified Russian lines and regain territory. Ukraine’s military has adopted an attrition-based approach, focusing on vulnerabilities in Russian positions rather than large-scale combined arms operations. Ukrainian military leaders argue that they must avoid unnecessary losses due to a lack of aviation capabilities and a smaller pool of recruits and weaponry.
While Ukraine has made some progress in the offensive, it has fallen short of expectations. Last fall, a Ukrainian counteroffensive achieved significant gains, but this time Russia has had time to fortify its positions and has a stronger presence along the front line. Russian forces have been able to resupply and defend their positions effectively.
One of the challenges is the use of drones by Russian forces, which provide real-time information and enable targeted strikes. Ukrainian forces have adapted their tactics, using low-profile advances and relying on infantry teams with surface-to-air missiles. These tactics may reduce losses but could slow down progress and make it harder to achieve a breakthrough.
The provision of US cluster munitions has given Ukraine a boost, but limited training in combined-arms tactics and the lack of air support have posed additional challenges. Ukrainian military officials have been appealing for Western air power to offset these disadvantages and have criticized those who question the pace of the operation without understanding the realities of the situation.
While Western jets may not be effective against Russia’s air defenses, mines are the most deadly challenge faced by Ukrainian troops. Ground-to-air weapons are considered the most efficient and cost-effective means of targeting Russian fighter jets. Acquiring enough aircraft to match Russia’s arsenal would require significant resources and time.
Despite the challenges, Ukrainian military officials remain confident in their abilities and believe that executing the tactics they have been taught, particularly at night, could deny Russia the use of their airpower. They are calling for continued support from Western allies to overcome the obstacles they face in the ongoing conflict.
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