The spread of PFAS in Biscayne Bay: assessing the risks to marine life
In addition to concerns about drinking water, PFAS, also known as “forever chemicals,” are posing threats to ocean ecosystems. This group of contaminants, including perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, has been associated with various health issues. These persistent pollutants can accumulate in marine plants and animals, potentially affecting human health.
At Florida International University’s Institute of the Environment, our team of environmental analytical chemists is focused on studying the risks of PFAS exposure in coastal environments, particularly Biscayne Bay. This area is home to a diverse range of fish that are consumed by people, making it crucial to understand and address the sources of PFAS contamination.
PFAS, which are present in a wide range of consumer products, have found their way into aquatic ecosystems, including Biscayne Bay. Their inherent resistance to degradation makes them persistent in the environment, raising concerns about their long-term impact on human and marine life.
With evidence of PFAS contamination in aquatic wildlife and coastal waters, it’s clear that these chemicals pose a significant ecological risk. We have identified hot spots around urban canals, such as the Miami River, where PFAS concentrations are particularly high, indicating points of concern for potential exposure.
Moreover, our research has revealed how PFAS released from these hot spots can spread throughout coastal areas, with higher concentrations near land and reduced levels further offshore. This pattern of dispersion presents risks to various marine species, especially those that reside in surface waters where PFAS levels are elevated.
While human health advisory levels for PFAS in surface water might not indicate imminent harm, the accumulation of these chemicals in the food chain could pose a greater risk to marine life and people who consume affected fish. The potential toxicity of some PFAS compounds is still unknown, highlighting the need for regulatory guidelines and action plans to protect Biscayne Bay’s aquatic ecosystems.
As scientists work towards solutions for removing and managing PFAS, individuals can contribute by reducing their use of PFAS-containing products. This includes being mindful of items like nonstick cookware, food packaging, cosmetics, and water-resistant clothing. Taking these steps can help limit the entry of PFAS into water systems, lessening their impact on marine environments.
Given the widespread presence of PFAS in water systems and coastal areas, this issue requires collaborative efforts to mitigate their harmful effects. By raising awareness and advocating for responsible use of PFAS-containing products, we can work towards safeguarding our marine ecosystems and the well-being of local communities.
