In the United States, elections are a constant presence. From small towns like Montgomery, Alabama to the Mariana Ranchos County Water District in California, dozens of local contests are taking place this month. On a single day, August 8, Custer County, Colorado held a recall election, Ohio asked residents to consider a major ballot measure, and Oklahoma voters weighed in on several issues.
With approximately 90,000 local governing bodies in America, it is nearly impossible to track all of the elections taking place. Many of these contests receive little to no media coverage. For example, I discovered an election in Marin County, California for a short-term council member with little information available.
Often, Americans are criticized for low-turnout elections, seen as a failure of civic character. However, the problem lies not in the lack of effort from voters, but in the overwhelming demand placed on them by the system. The United States has a staggering number of elections for various offices, making it difficult for voters to navigate. The cost of obtaining information for each election is high compared to other democracies.
Americans are asked to make decisions on numerous executive, legislative, and judicial positions, as well as complex policy matters throughout the year. Understanding the roles of different government positions, such as mayors, city councils, county executives, and boards, can be a daunting task. Moreover, voters are expected to make informed choices on policy questions without much educational support or explanatory reporting.
Off-cycle elections further burden voters. These elections held at random times are often disregarded by the public, as they are not considered as important as presidential elections. They disproportionately favor higher-income and senior citizens, leading to an unrepresentative electorate.
Politicians have long manipulated election timing to exert control over the electorate. This practice dates back to the 19th century when politicians in New York, San Francisco, and Philadelphia strategically changed election schedules to gain an advantage. Off-cycle elections result in lower turnout, as seen in New York City when only 23 percent of eligible voters cast a ballot for mayor.
While general-election turnout in the United States is average compared to other countries, local-election turnout is significantly lower. Increasing participation in local elections is crucial for a more representative democracy. Research shows that local elections have a greater impact on the outcome compared to national elections.
To address this issue, we must reconsider the frequency and timing of elections. Simplifying the voting process and conducting elections during periods of higher turnout, such as general elections, can help alleviate the burden on voters. It is essential to ensure that all citizens have equal access and opportunity to participate in the democratic process.
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