The Pfizer, Moderna, and AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccines have been associated with unexpected vaginal bleeding in older women and women on birth control.
While changes in bleeding and periods in menstruating women after vaccination have been known for years, few studies have investigated the impact on women who don’t normally menstruate, such as the elderly and those on birth control.
However, a recent study conducted in Norway examined the link between these vaccines and unexpected vaginal bleeding. The study found that postmenopausal women had two to three times higher risk of vaginal bleeding in the four weeks after Covid vaccination compared to before vaccination. In women entering menopause and premenopausal women, the risk was increased three to five times.
The researchers analyzed data from August and September 2021, with 98 percent of the women having received their Covid vaccines in January 2021. It should be noted that this refers to the original Covid-19 vaccine, not any booster shots.
Researchers looked at data from nearly 22,000 women who had already experienced menopause, women in perimenopause, the time just before entering menopause, and non-menstruating premenopausal women, including some who were on long-term hormonal birth control
The vaccines used in the study included those manufactured by Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, and AstraZeneca.
When the Covid vaccines were initially released, many women reported late or unusually heavy periods. These reports were later investigated, and it was found that while menstrual changes do occur after vaccination, they are minor, temporary, and do not affect fertility.
The exact reason for changes in menstruation is not yet clear, but some experts believe that the vaccine can cause inflammation in the body’s tissues, leading to changes in the lining of the uterus and hormone levels.
Although the recent study did not explore the reasons for the unexplained vaginal bleeding, commonly known as breakthrough bleeding, scientists suggested it could be related to the spike protein used in the vaccines.
The lead author of the study, Kristine Blix from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health in Oslo, explained that the study was prompted by reports of heavy menstrual bleeding from some participants in their early pandemic questionnaires.
The study analyzed data from nearly 22,000 women who had experienced menopause, women in perimenopause, and non-menstruating premenopausal women, including those on long-term hormonal birth control. They found that 3.3 percent of postmenopausal women, 14.1 percent of perimenopausal women, and 13.1 percent of premenopausal women reported unexplained or breakthrough vaginal bleeding throughout 2021. About half of these women reported bleeding occurring within four weeks of receiving their first and/or second vaccine dose.
Among these women, 28 percent of those in perimenopause described the bleeding as heavy, compared to 18 percent of women who had finished menopause and those who had not yet experienced menopause.
It is important to note that vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women can be a sign of a serious condition, such as cancer. More women in this group sought medical care after experiencing unexplained bleeding compared to perimenopausal and premenopausal women. The risk of breakthrough bleeding within the first four weeks after receiving Moderna’s vaccine was 32 percent higher compared to Pfizer-BioNTech’s vaccine.
The study, published in the journal Science Advances, utilized data from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study.
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