Certain demographic groups face a doubled risk of fatality from heart attacks during heat waves and high levels of fine particulate pollution, as revealed by a recent study published in Circulation, the American Heart Association’s journal. Researchers analyzed data from over 202,000 heart attacks occurring in Jiangsu, China, between 2015 and 2020. They found a correlation between days with extreme heat, extreme cold, or high levels of fine particulate matter air pollution and an increased risk of death due to cardiac events. Fine particulate matter refers to particles measuring 2.5 microns or less in diameter.
The study centered on Jiangsu due to the region’s variable temperatures and pollution levels. Using the daily heat index, which accounts for both heat and humidity, the researchers determined the occurrence of heat waves. According to the study findings, the risk of death was twice as high during four-day heat waves with fine particulate pollution levels exceeding 37.5 micrograms per cubic meter. Women and older adults faced the highest risk, with the average age of death among those who succumbed to heart attacks being 77.6. Additionally, over half of the deceased were older than 80.
Dr. Yuewei Liu, an associate professor of epidemiology at Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China, remarked on the intensifying concern surrounding the increasing frequency, duration, and intensity of extreme temperature events and their detrimental health effects. Liu emphasized the global issue of fine particulate matter pollution and its potential interaction with extreme temperatures in negatively affecting cardiovascular health. This acute response, resulting from an acute scenario, poses a significant public health challenge worldwide.
Dr. Alexander Postalian, a cardiologist from The Texas Heart Institute, affirmed the study’s findings, noting that exposure to extreme heat not only heightens the risk of heat exhaustion and heat stroke but also strains the cardiovascular system, causing increased heart workload and elevating the chances of heart attacks and heart failure. The combination of extreme heat and pollution creates a “perfect storm” that amplifies stress on individuals’ cardiovascular systems, leading to heart-related issues.
To mitigate the risk of death from heart attacks, the study’s researchers recommend minimizing exposure to extreme temperatures and fine particulate pollution. Strategies for individuals include staying updated on weather forecasts, staying indoors during extreme temperatures, utilizing fans and air conditioners, dressing appropriately, maintaining proper hydration, and reducing indoor temperatures through window blinds. Wearing masks, using air purifiers, avoiding heavily polluted areas, and engaging in less physically demanding outdoor activities are beneficial when facing high levels of fine particulate pollution.
Individuals with a history of heart disease or significant cardiovascular problems should be vigilant for chest pain or shortness of breath, limit time spent outdoors during extreme heat, and take shorter walks. Certain medications, such as diuretics, increase the risk of dehydration, leading to low blood pressure, lightheadedness, and an increased risk of falls and impaired kidney function. Therefore, staying hydrated is crucial for all individuals.
Moreover, people taking cardiovascular medications or with heart disease should avoid prolonged exposure to temperatures exceeding 100 degrees and consult their doctors regarding protective measures against extreme weather conditions. Taking proactive steps can help prevent fatalities and promote overall well-being during challenging environmental circumstances.
Author bio: Melissa Rudy is a member of the lifestyle team and serves as the health editor at Fox News Digital.
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