The Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) in London has expanded, now covering every borough and imposing charges of £12.50 per day on motorists. While London Mayor Sadiq Khan touts the expansion as a means to bring cleaner air to more people, a recent study conducted by researchers from the University of Birmingham questions these claims. The study examined the effects of Birmingham’s Clean Air Zone (CAZ), which focuses on reducing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels produced by older vehicles. While it is commonly believed that the zone reduced air pollution by 13%, the study reveals that the actual figure is closer to 7%. The researchers argued that calculating the drop in pollution is complex and needs to consider weather and seasonal effects. The reductions in pollution were primarily observed in busy roadside locations within the zone, with some spillover effects outside the CAZ. However, there was no significant impact on levels of fine particles of air pollution (PM2.5). The study’s lead author, Dr. Bowen Liu, emphasized that while NO2 pollution was reduced, PM2.5 concentrations remained unchanged. Professor Zongbo Shi, the senior author, added that PM2.5 levels still exceeded World Health Organization guidelines, resulting in significant health implications. The findings were published in the journal Environmental & Resource Economics. In regard to ULEZ regulations, exemptions exist for vehicles over 40 years old, all London-licensed taxis, and vehicles built for specialist purposes. The existing ULEZ grace periods have been extended to help disabled Londoners and community transport providers prepare for the expansion. In addition, designated wheelchair-accessible private hire vehicles will be exempt from ULEZ fees until October 26, 2025. Elderly drivers can also apply for an extended grace period if they hold a Blue Badge and receive Attendance Allowance. Certain individuals, such as clinically assessed NHS patients who are too ill to use public transport, may be eligible for reimbursement of ULEZ charges.
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