The U.N. Security Council convened a historic session on Tuesday to address the potential threats posed by artificial intelligence (AI) to global peace and stability. Secretary General António Guterres called for the establishment of a global watchdog to oversee this rapidly advancing technology, which has sparked both hopes and fears.
Mr. Guterres expressed concern that AI could facilitate the activities of criminals, terrorists, and other malicious actors, leading to unparalleled destruction and trauma. The launch of ChatGPT, an AI model capable of generating various types of content, has raised alarms about disinformation and manipulation.
During the session, diplomats and leading AI experts presented the risks, threats, and societal benefits associated with this emerging technology. Despite significant advancements, much remains unknown about AI.
Jack Clark, co-founder of AI safety research company Anthropic, compared the development of AI to building engines without understanding combustion. He emphasized that private companies alone should not have the authority to create and regulate AI.
To regulate and monitor AI effectively, Mr. Guterres proposed the establishment of a U.N. watchdog that would act as a governing body. This agency would comprise experts in the field who would provide guidance to governments and administrative agencies with limited technical expertise. However, the achievement of a legally binding resolution on AI governance seems distant, although most diplomats endorsed the idea of a global governing mechanism and international rules.
British foreign secretary, James Cleverly, emphasized the importance of involving and engaging a broad coalition of international actors from all sectors, as the impact of AI will affect every country.
Russia expressed skepticism about the known risks of AI as a source of global instability, departing from the majority view of the Security Council. China’s ambassador, Zhang Jun, argued against the creation of global laws, asserting that regulatory bodies should accommodate individual countries’ development of their own rules. Nevertheless, China opposed the use of AI for military hegemony or undermining another country’s sovereignty.
The session also addressed the military utilization of autonomous weapons, such as the AI-controlled robot involved in the assassination of Iranian nuclear scientist Mohsen Fakhrizadeh by Israel.
Mr. Guterres urged the United Nations to establish a legally binding agreement by 2026 to prohibit the use of AI in automated weapons of war.
Professor Rebecca Willett, director of AI at the Data Science Institute at the University of Chicago, highlighted the importance of not losing sight of the humans behind AI regulation. She emphasized that AI systems are not fully autonomous, and those responsible for designing them must be held accountable. Professor Willett supports the U.N.’s efforts to establish enforceable regulations to prevent companies in one country from causing harm to another country without violating international agreements, ultimately ensuring a safer and better world.
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