The authors meticulously examined 36 animal markets in the United States, encompassing various activities such as dog breeding, hunting, trapping, livestock auctions, backyard chicken farming, and petting zoos. To accurately gauge the level of risk associated with each industry, they engaged in interviews with experts, reviewed scientific papers, accessed publicly available data, assessed government regulations, and more. Each industry was evaluated based on ten factors, including the volume of animals involved, the known pathogens they carry, their interactions with humans, as well as relevant biosecurity practices and regulations.
Dr. Jamieson expressed astonishment at the revelations they uncovered. They were particularly taken aback by the sheer number of animals utilized for commercial purposes in the United States. Remarkably, the country produces over 10 billion land animals annually for food, including a significant number of pigs and poultry, which are carriers and transmitters of influenza, surpassing most other countries in this regard. Additionally, the report states that the United States is the primary global importer of livestock and wild animals, with over 220 million live wild animals being imported every year.
Unfortunately, the regulatory framework in place is inconsistent and riddled with gaps, according to Ms. Linder. Inspections of wildlife imports are sporadic, and when they do occur, they primarily focus on enforcing conservation regulations rather than addressing disease concerns. Mink farms, which were COVID-19 hotspots, lack oversight from any federal agency, and prior to the pandemic, some states were unaware of the number of mink farms within their borders, as noted by the authors.
The findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced regulation and improved public education, as highlighted by Dr. Kuchipudi. Many Americans may be unaware of the existence of certain industries and practices that carry potential risks, he emphasized, but the consequences can impact everyone.
The authors emphasize that their report is just the beginning, as several crucial pieces of information, such as basic data on the size and location of certain animal industries, remain unknown. Some individuals working in these industries did not respond to the authors’ inquiries, causing data gaps. The next step, they explain, is to fill in these gaps and conduct more comprehensive assessments of the riskiest practices.
“All these threats exist,” Ms. Linder cautioned, “whether we choose to confront them in the light of day or continue seeking solace in the darkness.”
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