According to a research letter published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, leprosy has become endemic in the Southeastern U.S., specifically in central Florida, with reported cases increasing by over 100% in the past ten years. Interestingly, about 34% of new cases from 2015 to 2020 seemed to be locally acquired, without exposure to traditional risk factors.
Leprosy is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It manifests as skin lesions, patches, and lumps on the face and earlobes. If left untreated, nerve damage can occur, resulting in tingling, paralysis, vision loss, and nasal deformities.
Should you be worried? Infectious disease physician Dr. Jose Lucar from George Washington University School of Medicine assures that the risk of leprosy in the U.S. remains very low, with no need for widespread alarm. The CDC also emphasizes that travel alerts are unnecessary for areas reporting local cases, including central Florida.
Here’s why you shouldn’t stress:
1. Leprosy transmission is not easy. It is primarily believed to spread through respiratory droplets. However, the slow growth of the bacterium means that extensive exposure is required for infection. Casual contact does not lead to transmission.
2. Most people have natural immunity. We come into contact with various mycobacteria every day, developing immunity. Only a small percentage of the population may be more susceptible due to genetic factors.
3. Treatments are highly effective. Early diagnosis and antibiotic therapy cure leprosy. Treatment courses can last from six months to two years, but the person becomes non-contagious within days of starting treatment.
To minimize the risk, it is important to treat infected individuals and avoid contact with armadillos, which can carry the disease. Additionally, this rise in cases in Florida serves as a reminder of the broader issues we face, such as global warming and the emergence of diseases in new locations. Further research is needed to understand the environmental sources contributing to leprosy transmission.
Overall, while leprosy may be on the rise in Florida, there is no need for public concern. The situation warrants attention for further study and precautions but does not pose a major health threat.
