Southern California wildlife officials have experienced an overwhelming influx of reports regarding sick and deceased sea lions and dolphins stranded on the beaches. The cause of this surge is believed to be a toxic algae bloom that is poisoning the marine mammals. According to Justin Greenman, the stranding coordinator for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), this is one of the largest incidents of affected animals in recent memory.
The Channel Islands Marine & Wildlife Institute, a nonprofit organization, is receiving over 300 reports per day about animals in distress. At least 100 dolphins and 100 sea lions have been found dead, and many more have fallen ill due to consuming a type of algae called pseudo-nitzschia. Rescue groups for marine mammals suspect that the algae, which produces a neurotoxin called domoic acid, is responsible for the sickness and mortality. While scientists are still working to confirm this, NOAA spokesperson Michael Milsten stated that the situation exhibits all the characteristics of an algal bloom.
The warming of waters caused by climate change can contribute to the growth of algae. However, in this particular case, Milsten believes that coastal upwelling plays a primary role. Coastal upwelling occurs when winds push surface waters farther offshore, causing deeper water to rise. This deeper water is nutrient-rich, creating favorable conditions for an algal bloom.
Symptoms associated with consuming the algae include seizures, dehydration, and aggressive or lethargic behavior. The Marine Mammal Care Center in Los Angeles has established an emergency clinic to provide treatment for the increasing number of affected animals. The treatment process usually involves hydrating the animals with fluids, administering anti-seizure medication, and ensuring they receive proper nutrition during their recovery.
In a few instances, sick sea lions have bitten beachgoers. Earlier this week, two beaches in Southern California were temporarily closed following biting incidents, and there have been a handful of additional reports. However, according to Dr. Alissa Deming of the Pacific Marine Mammal Center, these bites do not indicate aggressive behavior but rather the reactivity of sick animals if someone approaches too closely. In their comatose state, sick sea lions may accidentally bite surfers or react hyperactively if touched.
Dr. Deming advises humans to be cautious, maintain sufficient distance from sea lions, and keep dogs on a leash to ensure safety.
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