Could a craving for salty chips actually be a sign of addiction? According to a new study from the University of Michigan, this could be the case. The researchers reviewed 281 studies from 36 different countries and found that 14% of adults and 12% of children showed signs of addiction to ultra-processed foods. These findings are based on the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS). The study suggests that some people’s consumption of these foods may meet the criteria for substance use disorder, resulting in the “biopsychological mechanisms of addiction and clinically significant problems.”
Ultra-processed foods are high in carbohydrates and fats, such as candy, ice cream, and potato chips. The study suggests that these foods have addictive properties because they deliver fats and carbs to the gut faster than minimally processed foods. Additionally, ultra-processed foods contain flavor and texture additives that could make them more addictive.
Ashley Gearhardt, the lead researcher and a professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, stated that there is “converging and consistent support” for the validity and clinical relevance of ultra-processed food addiction. By acknowledging certain types of processed foods as addictive substances, global health may be improved.
Tanya Freirich, a registered dietitian nutritionist in Charlotte, North Carolina, who was not involved in the study, identified several warning signs of addictive behaviors surrounding food. These include thinking about food obsessively, craving food when not hungry, using food as a coping mechanism, eating even after feeling full, having reduced control over intake, experiencing withdrawal symptoms, and continuing to eat certain foods despite negative consequences.
Freirich noted that many countries have already taken steps to regulate certain additives in food production. She suggested that the USDA and FDA should make similar efforts to ensure the safety of foods. Erin Palinski-Wade, a dietitian with a focus on diabetes and nutrition, is skeptical about whether foods can be as addictive as drugs. She believes that food cravings are influenced by a variety of factors, including nutrition, emotions, and learned behaviors.
While more research is needed to fully understand the relationship between food and addiction, experts all agree that those struggling with disordered eating should seek professional help. Working with a therapist or registered dietitian experienced in eating disorders can help individuals better understand their behaviors and emotions around food and improve their overall relationship with food. Additionally, filling the majority of meals with minimally processed foods may help reduce cravings for ultra-processed foods.
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