Groundbreaking new treatments and detection methods for cancer have been described as “thrilling.” Immunologists are at the forefront of cancer research because one way to treat or stop cancer from developing is to get the patient’s own immune system to target and kill cancerous cells. The immune system has two functions – to kill germs that enter the body and to recognize and destroy cancer cells. Mutation, caused by chemicals present in cigarettes or UV exposure from sunlight, can turn cells into malignant ones that form tumors. However, the immune system can recognize these mutated cells as foreign and destroy them, leading to increased effectiveness in cancer immunotherapy. Medicines that can kill cancer cells directly without damaging the rest of the body, known as “magic bullets,” represent a significant breakthrough in cancer treatment, as chemotherapy doesn’t always work.
The use of new drugs in treating lung cancer (osimertinib), breast cancer (ribociclib), and ovarian cancer (a combination of avutometinib and defactinib) has shown dramatic results in clinical trials. Another essential aspect of cancer research is detecting early cases, enabling prompt treatment. Researchers at Oxford University developed a blood test that detected 50 forms of cancer among 5,461 participants with a suspected cancer referral. The test detected two-thirds of cancers, and in 85% of cases, it identified the specific site of the tumor. Another promising development is a potential breath test that identifies cancers of the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and colon by detecting volatile chemicals released by tumors. These breakthroughs provide hope that cancer will become a relic of the past.
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