Norma, a Category 1 hurricane in the North Pacific Ocean, was reported by the National Hurricane Center in their latest advisory.
The hurricane’s sustained wind speeds reached 80 miles per hour.
When will damaging winds arrive?
As weather conditions begin to deteriorate, tropical-storm-force winds with sustained speeds of at least 39 miles per hour typically arrive. Experts advise completing storm preparations and evacuating by their estimated arrival time.
Norma is the 14th named storm to form in the Eastern Pacific in 2023.
Storms that form in the Pacific generally move west, posing a greater threat to North America compared to Atlantic storms. If a Pacific storm forms close to land, it can bring damaging winds and rain before moving out to sea.
However, a storm can be blocked by an air mass, causing it to move north or northeast towards the Baja California peninsula and the west coast of Mexico. In exceptional cases, storms can move even farther north, bringing damaging wind and intense rain to regions like Southern California. Hurricane Nora, for example, made landfall in Baja California and then reached Arizona as a tropical storm in 1997.
The Eastern Pacific hurricane season starts on May 15, two weeks ahead of the Atlantic season. Both seasons continue until November 30.
This year, the development of El Niño in the Pacific adds complexity to the hurricane situation. El Niño, an intermittent, large-scale weather pattern, can have various effects on global weather. In the Pacific, El Niño reduces wind shear, increasing the chances for storm formation. In contrast, El Niño in the Atlantic increases wind shear and reduces the likelihood of storm formation.
Sources and notes
Tracking map Source: National Hurricane Center | Notes: Map shows probabilities of at least five percent. The forecast includes the five days starting up to three hours before the storm’s latest reported time and location. Wind speed probability data is not available north of 60.25 degrees north latitude.
Arrivals table Sources: New York Times analysis of National Hurricane Center data (arrival times); U.S. Census Bureau and Natural Earth (geographic locations); Google (time zones) | Notes: The table shows predicted arrival times of tropical-storm-force winds at selected cities if there is a chance such winds could reach those locations. “Earliest possible” times are times when, if tropical-storm-force winds do arrive, there is at least a 10 percent chance they will arrive at the time shown. “Most likely” times are times when, if tropical-storm-force winds do arrive, there is an equal chance that such winds will arrive before and after the time shown.
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