The Future of Beans in Africa: Maximizing Potential, Ensuring Food Security
Beans are an essential crop in Africa, providing protein and income for millions of Africans. However, climate change threatens the future of this staple. A study conducted in 2016 suggests that up to 60% of bean-growing areas in sub-Saharan Africa may no longer be suitable by the end of this century.
To address this issue and future-proof the crop, the Pan-African Bean Research Alliance (PABRA) has taken the lead in researching, developing, and distributing over 650 new bean varieties across Africa. Their efforts have recently been recognized with the $100,000 African Food Prize.
PABRA’s work has resulted in improved and diverse bean varieties reaching markets in 32 African countries, from sugar beans in Zambia to snap beans in Nigeria. These new beans not only offer enhanced nutrition but also exhibit resilience, efficiency, and profitability for farmers.
By connecting consumers, farmers, and researchers, PABRA ensures that the demand for specific bean types is met. For instance, beans with shorter harvest times in Ethiopia have doubled productivity, enabling farmers to generate income before other crops are ready for harvest.
PABRA beans are not only water-efficient but also capable of withstanding irregular weather patterns, making them a valuable source of income for the 37 million farmers who grow them across the continent. These beans are not just rich in protein; they also provide fiber, carbohydrates, iron, and zinc. The latter two are essential nutrients that are deficient in over two billion people globally.
PABRA reports that more than five million households in ten countries have experienced a 30% increase in income as a result of growing and selling their beans. Additionally, farmers who cultivate, consume, and sell PABRA beans are 6% more likely to achieve food security and are 6% less likely to live in poverty.
In light of the importance of diversifying crops for Africa’s agricultural development and future, Chike Mba, deputy director of plant production and protection at the UN Food and Agricultural Organization, emphasizes the need for farmers to cultivate a wider range of crops, including beans. A more diverse farming system enhances resilience and improves the ability to withstand shocks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and disruptions in grain imports.
Mba stresses the importance of supportive government policies, research partnerships, technology access, and finance availability for farmers. PABRA acknowledges the significant involvement of governments in their work to introduce improved beans into the market. Governments recognize the need to improve nutrition, empower women economically, and develop their economies.
Looking ahead, PABRA is actively researching ways to reduce cooking time for beans by up to 30%. This innovation could save consumers an estimated $1.5 billion annually. However, PABRA also emphasizes the importance of deep research into adapting to increasingly extreme weather patterns caused by climate change.
PABRA firmly believes that change happens when these products are in the hands of the most vulnerable communities. By investing in research and collaboration, the goal of ensuring a resilient and sustainable future for beans in Africa can be achieved.
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