Retinal and retinol are often considered as miracle-workers in skincare, although they are not the ultimate solution. Personally, I have experienced the healing effects of retinoic acid on my acne-prone skin. While these compounds are related, they are not interchangeable. According to Dr. Camille Howard-Verovic, a dermatologist from Active Dermatology in New York City, retinal, retinol, and retinoic acid are all forms of retinoids with varying levels of potency and efficacy. The term “retinoid” encompasses all compounds derived from vitamin A and is used to promote cell turnover, collagen production, and overall skin health.
Depending on your specific skincare concerns, your dermatologist may recommend one of these formulations to address issues such as acne, hyperpigmentation, or fine lines. It is essential to understand the differences between retinal, retinol, and retinoic acid to use them effectively. Here’s what dermatologists have to say:
Retinol, while the least potent among the retinoids, still plays an important role in skincare routines. According to Dr. Onyeka Obioha, a dermatologist from Boutik Dermatology in California, retinols contain lower concentrations of retinoic acid compared to prescription retinoids. While they may take longer to provide desired results, retinols are effective in improving minor wrinkles, healing sun damage, and evening out skin tone. You can find retinol products in over-the-counter serums and creams from brands like Neutrogena, RoC, and The Ordinary.
Retinal is a more potent and effective form of retinoid than retinol, requiring fewer conversions in the skin. However, it is less common in skincare products. Some retinals require a prescription, while others can be found over the counter, offered by brands like Avène and Youth to the People.
Retinoic acid, also known as tretinoin, is the most potent form of retinoid and is only available with a prescription. It is the biologically active form of topical vitamin A. While retinol and retinal need to be converted into retinoic acid to become biologically active, going straight to retinoic acid can be the fastest way to achieve certain skin goals, especially related to acne. However, retinol and retinal are suitable options for many individuals.
When incorporating retinoids into your skincare routine, it is crucial to start gradually to allow your skin to acclimate to their use. Begin by using them three nights per week, increasing the frequency as necessary. It is recommended to apply retinoids at night because ultraviolet exposure from the sun deactivates retinols. It’s also essential to follow up with a broad-spectrum sunscreen during the day, as retinoids can increase skin sensitivity to sunlight.
It’s important to be patient when using retinoids as they take time to show results. According to Dr. Christopher Bunick from Yale School of Medicine, it can take months, if not years, to see changes in your skin. Applying a topical retinol or retinal alongside sun protection is one of the best ways to maintain a youthful appearance.
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